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Detailed explanation of active and passive electronic components

Article Source：Kinri Energy | Author：Kinri Energy | Issuing Time：2024.05.21
Electronic components are the foundation of electronic technology, and both electronic devices and products require the use of various types of electronic components. According to whether it can control current, it can be divided into two categories: active devices and passive devices. This article will focus on introducing the types, characteristics, and applications of these two types of electronic components.


Active and passive electronic components

Active components

Active devices are devices in electronic components that can control current. They have functions such as amplification and switching, and are widely used in various electronic devices. Common active devices include transistors, field-effect transistors, diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, etc. Let's take a look at these common active devices separately.

1. Transistor

Transistors are commonly used amplification devices that have the function of amplifying current and voltage. It consists of a base/emitter, collector/drain, and shielding electrode, and can be divided into two types: NPN type and PNP type. Transistors are widely used in electronic products and wireless communication fields, such as radio, television, audio, etc.

2. Field effect transistor

Field effect transistor is a commonly used voltage control device, similar to transistors, but its control signal is a voltage signal, so its circuit structure and characteristics are different from transistors. The main advantage of field-effect transistors is their high input resistance and low output resistance, making them widely used in circuits such as low-noise amplifiers and high-speed switches.

3. Diode

A diode is a device with unidirectional conductivity, consisting of P-type and N-type semiconductors. The main function of diodes is to convert AC signals into DC electrical signals, and there are various applications such as protection circuits, rectification circuits, and transient voltage processing.

4. Transistor

A transistor is an electronic amplification tube composed of three electrodes, with a basic circuit structure similar to a transistor, but its amplification factor is greater than that of a transistor. Transistors are widely used in fields such as audio, television, high-power amplifiers, and regulated power supplies.

5. Integrated circuits

Integrated circuits are microcircuits that integrate electronic devices together, typically manufactured using semiconductor technology and existing in the form of chips. Integrated circuits are divided into two types: digital integrated circuits and analog integrated circuits, which are widely used in fields such as computers, communication equipment, consumer electronics, and automotive electronics.

Passive components

Passive devices are devices in electronic components that cannot control current, usually passively connected to a circuit and composed of resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc. Passive devices mainly serve functions such as limiting, adjusting current and voltage, and storing electrical energy. Let's take a look at common passive devices.

1. Resistance

Resistance is one of the common passive devices in circuits, and its main function is to adjust the voltage and current in the circuit. Resistors are widely used in fields such as voltage divider circuits, amplification circuits, and volt ampere resistors.

2. Capacitance

Capacitors are common energy storage devices in circuits, whose main function is to store charges and adjust signal frequency. Capacitors are widely used in filtering circuits, oscillation circuits, couplers, protectors, and other fields.

3. Inductors

Inductors are common energy storage devices in circuits, composed of coils and magnets. Their main function is to store energy and hinder current changes. Inductors are widely used in fields such as AC impedance matching, voltage reduction, filtering circuits, and adjusting oscillation circuits.

Summary

The active and passive components of electronic components each have their own characteristics and applications. Learning about these components can help us better understand and apply electronic technology. By applying these devices, a solid foundation will be laid for the future development of the electronics industry.
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