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What is overvoltage protection for power adapters?

Article Source：Kinri Energy | Author：Kinri Energy | Issuing Time：2024.05.15
In the event of a malfunction, the output voltage of most power adapters may exceed the specified or required value. In power adapters without protective circuits, high output voltage may cause damage to internal or external devices of the power adapter. In order to protect the power adapter device in such abnormal working conditions, a common method is to add an overvoltage protection circuit to the power adapter.

Because TTL circuits and other logic circuits are easily damaged by overvoltage, providing overvoltage protection for the output of such circuits has become a common practice in industrial applications. As for other output voltage protection functions, they are usually added according to the needs of the system engineer or user.


5W MODEM POWER ADAPOR

Types of overvoltage protection

Overvoltage protection technology can be roughly divided into the following three categories

Type 1: Simple thyristor overvoltage protection.
Type 2: Overvoltage protection based on voltage clamp technology.
Category 3: Overvoltage protection based on voltage limiting technology.

The selection of overvoltage protection technology is based on the circuit structure, performance, and cost of the power adapter.

Thyristor overvoltage surge protection

As its name implies, the overvoltage surge protection can short-circuit the output terminal of the power adapter in response to overvoltage output. If the output voltage of the power adapter exceeds the preset value within the specified time, the short-circuit device (usually a thyristor) will act.

When the thyristor acts, it shortens the output of the power adapter, causing the output voltage to drop. The diagram shows a typical thyristor overvoltage protection circuit, which is connected to the output terminal of the linear regulator. When designing a thyristor overvoltage surge protection circuit, it is important to recognize that the bypass effect of the thyristor overvoltage surge protection may not necessarily provide a long-term load protection in the event of a circuit failure.

In addition, it is required that the bypass device must have sufficient power to bear the short-circuit current. For short-circuit currents exceeding the specified time or external current limit, a fuse or circuit breaker must be available to protect the thyristor from damage.
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