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What components within the power adapter determine its lifespan?

Article Source：Kinri Energy | Author：Kinri Energy | Issuing Time：2024.05.15
The lifespan of a power adapter is like the lifespan of a human, and an accurate lifespan cannot be predicted, but many big data analysis reports have the concept of average lifespan. The same goes for power supplies, as there are many factors that affect their lifespan. Therefore, the lifespan of power supplies is generally measured by the average time between failures.


48W Desktop Power Adapter

The lifespan of the plug-in power adapter and the components used also meet the barrel effect, and all components must reach the specified lifespan to ensure the final service life of the power supply. Generally, key components are subjected to high electrical stress, generate high heat, and the internal temperature of the machine rises rapidly. Temperature has a significant impact on the lifespan of the device, so the final evaluation of the device's lifespan is particularly important. So what are the key components in the power adapter that need special attention?

1. Electrolytic capacitors

Electrolytic capacitors are temperature sensitive devices in power adapter devices. From this perspective, the quality of electrolytic capacitors also determines the lifespan of power devices to a certain extent. AC-DC power adapter products have outstanding performance.

2. Primary switching transistor (MOS transistor)

This type of switching device is in a high-speed switching state and experiences high voltage and current stresses. The heating caused by switch losses can also accelerate the aging of the device, and it is also susceptible to external high-voltage interference and breakdown damage.

3. High frequency power transformer

High frequency transformers generate heat due to internal losses in the power adapter during energy transmission, and the heat emitted can also affect the lifespan of the transformer material. Common transformer faults include insulation layer breakdown, winding burnout, copper wire breakage, etc.

4. Multilayer ceramic capacitors

The area where SMT ceramic capacitors are prone to problems is at the solder joints of the capacitors, which may crack due to some stress effects. To minimize the possibility of occurrence, it is recommended to avoid parallel use of multiple ceramic capacitors as much as possible.

5. Output rectifier diode

Diodes mainly bear two major electrical stresses, including reverse withstand voltage and forward current, and they are also heating devices. To ensure the service life of this device, we will provide sufficient margin during design to ultimately ensure the batch performance of the power adapter.

6. Optocouplers

The current transfer ratio (CTR) will gradually decrease over time. In order to maintain loop stability, the current of the light-emitting diode will continue to increase, eventually reaching its limit value, causing damage to the optocoupler.
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