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The Era of Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles is Coming

Article Source：Reference Message Network | Author：Kinri Energy | Issuing Time：2024.02.20
Plug in cars may soon no longer require plugs. When charging, the driver only needs to drive the electric vehicle into a special parking space. Once a certain light on the dashboard lights up, they can get off the car and do their own thing.



This is the expected wireless charging of electric vehicles, which relies on induction to transfer charges and no longer requires those annoying cables.

Several American startups have spent years trying to make wireless charging mainstream. With the accelerated popularity of electric vehicles, the momentum of turning this dream into reality is also increasing.

Enterprises collaborate to promote standardized technology, automobile manufacturers begin wireless charging experiments, and the municipal government plans how to use it. Even Tesla has shown interest.

However, there are still significant obstacles, mainly including slow charging speeds, the need for funding and willingness to build sites, and attracting more car manufacturers to join.

Wireless charging of electric vehicles, also known as induction charging, utilizes magnetic resonance and a charging board to generate an electric power transmission field. When the coil in the receiver under the car is aligned with the coil in the charging board, the receiver will capture electrical energy and transmit it to the car's battery.

This technology is similar to wireless charging for mobile phones, which also requires a receiver and an aligned coil; But the charging system of electric vehicles can still work even if the alignment deviation of the coil does not exceed 10 inches (250 millimeters).

However, charging speed is an issue. Most wireless chargers are similar to level 2 chargers (the type of charger you use at home) and not the DC fast chargers provided by many public charging stations.

The design of electric vehicles also needs to consider wireless charging. Ameya Hadnavis, an analyst at Wood McKenzie Consulting, said that while retrofitting electric vehicles is feasible, it may void the car's battery warranty.

For car manufacturers, the reason for using wireless charging is still insufficient: besides being expensive, there are currently not enough charging stations to make wireless charging a clear advantage in attracting car buyers.

These obstacles mean that, at least for now, wireless charging for electric vehicles mainly exists in pilot forms.

Some car manufacturers are conducting technical tests on new passenger cars, but many wireless charging tests are aimed at commercial vehicles: they often have the same driving route and have the conditions to park overnight in a fixed parking space for charging.

Wireless Power Company plans to adopt its own Halo wireless charging system on E-Z-GO and ICON Golf electric and light vehicles this summer. The company has previously demonstrated this technology on modified vehicles such as the Ford Mustang Mach-E.

Investors in wireless power companies include Mitsubishi and Siemens. The company has also reached a partnership to demonstrate wireless charging technology on cars produced by KG Motors in South Korea.

The wireless power company said that small buses can travel up to 35 miles (approximately 56 kilometers) per hour using their technology for charging.

In Los Angeles County, the Antelope Valley Transit Authority uses induction systems manufactured by Inspur Charging Company to power electric buses. James Royal, Marketing Director of the Antelope Valley Public Transport Bureau, said they have 15 "Wave" wireless charging stations - one located at their office and the other 14 on bus routes.

Benjamin Osland, Vice President of Sales and Marketing at Inspur Charging Company, said that a 250 kW charger can increase an average range of 10 miles in just 5 minutes. He said, "This allows buses to operate all day without having to return to the garage."

The Inspur charging company has installed over 50 charging boards across the United States and received funding from the US Department of Energy to develop a 500 kW fast charger suitable for trucks.

Electric buses in Indianapolis have also started using wireless charging. In 2019, the city formed a partnership with the Pennsylvania based charging startup, Inducket Electric Vehicle Charging Company.

Hewlett Packard, a wireless charging startup headquartered in Brooklyn, completed a Level 2 wireless charger demonstration last year and is currently collaborating with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory of the Department of Energy and the Stellantis Group to test a 50 kilowatt wireless charging system on a hybrid vehicle from Chrysler.

Jeremy McCool, CEO of Hewlett Packard, said that the company is also collaborating with Oak Ridge National Laboratory to develop a 300 kilowatt wireless fast charger.

The most crucial signal of the development potential of wireless charging in small passenger cars may be that Tesla's design director Franz von Holtzhausen confirmed in December last year that the company is also developing wireless charging technology.

In the YouTube series "Jay Leno's Garage," von Holtzhausen said, "We are researching induction charging, so you don't even need to plug anything in - just park your car in the garage, drive it to the charging pad, and you can charge it."

Tesla's vote of confidence is also sparking interest from other car manufacturers. "This is the biggest reminder," McCool said. "Before that, wireless charging was still seen as an edge technology. Now it's a trend technology."

Standardization also helps promote the widespread use of wireless charging. In 2022, the International Society of Automotive Engineers, composed of engineers and technical transportation experts, finally established the first standard for static wireless charging of light vehicles. This standard covers all aspects from safe charging speed (up to 11 kilowatts) to interoperability and performance.

The International Society of Automotive Engineers has also issued guidelines (although not the final standard) that require the charging speed of heavy-duty vehicles to not exceed 500 kilowatts.

The Department of Energy has reached an agreement to demonstrate this technology at a line of UPS in Utah and several locations of Wal Mart. "Ultimately, it will have to be determined by truck manufacturers and car manufacturers - whether this works for them," said Michael Weissmiller, project manager for electrification research and development at the Automotive Technology Bureau of the Ministry of Energy

At present, the vast majority of investment still flows towards traditional electric vehicle chargers, but US federal and state lawmakers are pushing for funding to expand wireless charging.

The Department of Energy states that there are currently over 9000 public fast charging stations and over 53000 Level 2 charging stations in the United States. As states begin to use $5 billion in federal funds, it is expected that more charging stations will be launched.

But experts say that the future development of automotive technology, especially autonomous driving technology, may make wireless charging more reasonable.

The International Society of Automotive Engineers is currently researching a standard method for aligning electric vehicles with charging pads. This will be particularly important when cars start autonomous driving and parking.
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