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How to achieve current limiting in high-power chargers?

Article Source：Kinri Energy | Author：Kinri Energy | Issuing Time：2024.05.29

high-power charger


1. Working principle of high-power charger

High power chargers typically use switch mode power supplies for battery charging. Switching power supplies can convert the input voltage of the power supply to the battery by controlling the switching transistor of the circuit switch. By utilizing efficient switching characteristics, the original power output is converted into AC voltage, which is further reduced by a transformer to become a stable DC voltage. Then, the required voltage and current are obtained through the conversion circuit.

2. Current limiting principle of high-power chargers

There are two main ways to limit the current of high-power chargers: one is instantaneous current limitation, and the other is constant current output.

Instantaneous current limitation

Instantaneous current limitation is achieved by controlling the MOS transistor in the charging circuit to limit the instantaneous changes in charging current. When the battery voltage reaches the set value, the conduction of the MOS transistor is limited, and the charging current slows down until the battery is fully charged. This method is suitable for smaller power chargers.

Constant current output

Constant current output is achieved by controlling the switching transistor in the charging circuit to maintain a certain current output at all times. When the charging current reaches the set current, the conduction angle of the switching tube will gradually decrease, thereby limiting the magnitude of the charging current. This method is suitable for high-power chargers and can stably output a constant current during the charging process.

Summary

The design of high-power chargers needs to consider current limiting issues to ensure the safety of the circuit and battery. Instantaneous current limitation and constant current output are common current limiting methods. In practical applications, appropriate methods should be selected according to different usage scenarios. Regardless of the current limiting method, it is necessary to ensure the stability of the charging circuit and its control circuit, as well as the safety performance of the charger.

The above is an introduction to how high-power chargers can achieve current limiting. In practical applications, it is necessary to choose the appropriate current limiting method based on the specific charger structure and usage scenario.
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