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9 Major Functions and 27 Applications of Capacitors

Article Source：Kinri Energy | Author：Kinri Energy | Issuing Time：2024.05.23
In circuit design, we often need to use capacitors, and their functions may vary in different circuits. Below are the 9 major functions and 27 applications of capacitors.


capacitors

What is the function of a capacitor?

1. Isolation of direct current refers to preventing direct current from passing through and allowing alternating current to pass through.

2. The bypass (decoupling) function refers to providing a low impedance path for certain associated components in an AC circuit. Generally, a bypass filters out interference in the input signal, while decoupling filters out interference in the output signal to prevent interference signals from returning to the power source.

3. Coupling effect, as a connection between two circuits, allows AC signals to pass through and be transmitted to the next level circuit.

4. The filtering effect is important for the output of the AC-DC power module, and the capacitor behind the CPU generally plays a filtering role.

5. The temperature compensation function compensates for the insufficient adaptability of other components to temperature, which helps to improve the stability of the circuit.

6. The timing function, when used in conjunction with capacitors and resistors, can determine the time constant of the circuit.

7. The tuning function is to systematically tune frequency related circuits, such as mobile phones, radios, televisions, etc.

8. The rectification function is to open or close the semi closed conductor switching element at a predetermined time.

9. Energy storage function, storing electrical energy for release when necessary.

The main applications of capacitors:

1. Filtering applications, such as connecting between the positive and negative poles of the DC output of the power module, can filter out unwanted AC components in the DC module, making the DC power smoother.

2. Decoupling application, connected between the positive and negative poles of the power supply in the amplification circuit, can prevent parasitic oscillations caused by positive feedback formed by the internal resistance of the power supply.

3. In the circuit of AC and DC signals, by connecting capacitors in parallel at the two ends of the resistor or by crossing a point in the circuit to a common potential, a path can be set for AC or pulse signals to avoid voltage drop attenuation caused by the passing of AC signal components through the resistor.

4. Coupling application, in AC signal processing circuits, is used to connect signal sources and signal processing circuits, or as an inter stage connection between two amplifiers, to isolate DC and allow AC signals or pulse signals to pass through, so that the DC working points of the front-end and back-end amplification circuits do not affect each other.

5. Tuning application, connected at both ends of the oscillation coil in the resonant circuit, plays a role in selecting the oscillation frequency.

6. Pad application, an auxiliary capacitor connected in series with the main capacitor of the resonant circuit. Adjusting it can reduce the frequency range of the oscillation signal and significantly increase the oscillation frequency at the low-frequency end.

7. Compensation application, an auxiliary capacitor connected in parallel with the main capacitor of the resonant circuit, can be adjusted to expand the frequency range of the oscillation signal.

8. Neutralize the application and connect it between the base and emitter of the transistor amplifier to form a negative feedback network to suppress self-excited oscillation caused by the capacitance between the transistor electrodes.

9. Stable frequency application plays a role in stabilizing the oscillation frequency in oscillation circuits.

10. Timed application, in an RC time constant circuit, a capacitor that is connected in series with a resistor R to determine the length of charging and discharging time.

11. Accelerate application, connected to the oscillator feedback circuit, to accelerate the positive feedback process and increase the amplitude of the oscillation signal.

12. Shortening the application, a capacitor connected in series in UHF high-frequency circuits to shorten the length of the oscillating inductor.

13. Krabo capacitor, a capacitor connected in series with an inductor oscillation coil in a capacitor three-point oscillation circuit, plays a role in eliminating the influence of transistor junction capacitance on frequency stability.

14. In the application of Syrah, the capacitor connected in parallel with the inductor oscillation coil at both ends in the capacitor three-point oscillation circuit eliminates the influence of transistor junction capacitance, making the oscillator easy to vibrate at the high frequency end.

15. Stable amplitude application, used in frequency discriminators to stabilize the amplitude of the output signal.

16. In pre emphasis applications, in order to avoid attenuation and loss of frequency division caused by audio modulation signals during processing, the RC high-frequency component is set to increase the network capacitance.

17. To apply de emphasis, in order to restore the original audio signal, it is required to attenuate the high-frequency components and noise enhanced by pre emphasis in the audio signal, and set the capacitance of RC in the network.

18. Phase shifting application, used to change the capacitance of the AC signal phase.

19. Feedback application, bridging between the input and output terminals of an amplifier, allowing the output signal to be fed back to the capacitor at the input terminal.

20. Voltage reduction and current limiting application, connected in series in an AC circuit, utilizes the capacitive impedance characteristics of capacitors to limit the current of AC electricity, thus forming a voltage divider circuit.

21. Reverse path application, used for row scanning output circuits, connected between the collector and emitter of the row output tube to generate high-voltage row scanning sawtooth wave reverse path pulses, with a voltage resistance generally above 1500 volts.

22 S correction application, connected in series in the deflection coil circuit, is used to correct the extended linear distortion of the image tube edge.

23. Bootstrap boosting applications utilize the charging and discharging energy storage characteristics of capacitors to increase the potential at a certain point in the circuit, which can make the potential at that point reach twice the voltage value of the power supply terminal.

24. Anti bright spot application, often set in the video amplifier circuit, is used to eliminate the capacitance of residual bright spots on the graphics tube during shutdown.

25. Soft start applications are often connected to the switch transistor base of a switching power supply. In order to prevent excessive surge current or peak voltage from being applied to the switch transistor base when the power is turned on, causing damage to the switch transistor.

26. Start the application, connect it in series to the secondary winding of a single-phase motor, provide the motor with a starting phase shifting AC voltage, and disconnect it from the secondary winding after the motor operates normally.

27. For operational applications, it is connected in series with the secondary winding of a single-phase motor to provide phase-shifting AC current for the secondary winding of the motor. Maintain series connection with the secondary winding during normal operation of the motor.

The three common misconceptions about capacitors are that the larger the capacitor capacity, the better, for capacitors of the same capacity; The more small capacitors connected in parallel, the better, The lower the ESR; The better the effect. Capacitors have many functions, and in practical applications, they need to be selected according to the actual situation.
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