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Why is the laptop power adapter not integrated into the laptop body?

Article Source：Kinri Energy | Author：Kinri Energy | Issuing Time：2024.05.18
Every time I need to carry a laptop on a business trip, I wonder why the laptop power adapter cannot be made built-in, and it's inconvenient to carry a guy like a big brick. I believe there must be more than one person who thinks this way, so why is this? The power adapter manufacturer believes that the main reason is still technical.



With the current level of technology, it is very difficult to meet the requirements of integrating power into the laptop body in terms of heat generation, EMI, size, and other aspects. Next, we can briefly analyze.

Nowadays, the majority of power adapters for laptops are switch mode power supplies. For switch mode power supplies, they are generally composed of the following key components: AC mains ->input filtering ->rectification ->switch ->transformer ->filtering ->DC output input filtering. In this regard, XY capacitors and common mode inductors are generally used, mainly to filter out interference signals from the mains power supply and normal operation of computer hardware, and to prevent signals generated by the power supply from spreading to the power grid. A typical X capacitor and common mode inductor are quite a lump (similar to a finger).

Rectification. This is easy to handle. A bridge rectifier circuit consisting of four diodes is sufficient to solve the problem. The typical power adapter uses a SMT rectifier bridge, which is a small piece the size of a nail. Although it is a relatively small component, there will be some heating here. Perhaps some high-power devices may use synchronous rectification, which takes up more space.
Switching components. This is the most critical component in the entire power adapter, usually using power transistors or MOS. Although both components are small in size, they generate a lot of heat during the switching process. That's right, it's a massive fever! The faster the switch is turned on and off, the greater the heat generated!

The issue of mandatory safety regulations. If the adapter is installed inside the body according to safety regulations, how to ensure that the 220V voltage is not directly touched by people or transmitted to other components during leakage, which can cause the entire machine to burn out is a difficult problem. This problem is particularly serious on CNC all metal bodies such as fruit Unibody. In addition, there are mandatory certifications from CE and UL Shenma. It is already very difficult to innovate after passing these certifications when the power adapter is made outside the body. It is estimated that the difficulty of getting it inside the body will increase by an order of magnitude.

So miniaturization of switch mode power supplies has always been the ultimate pursuit of many power engineers, but with current technology, it is still quite difficult to integrate laptop power adapters into laptops. And with the development of fast charging technology in the past two years, we have seen that laptop power adapters can also be made very compact, such as the current 65W gallium nitride charger, which can be charged for both mobile phones and laptops.
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