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PCB Design Specification for Switching Power Supply

Article Source：Kinri Energy | Author：Kinri Energy | Issuing Time：2024.05.08
A switching power supply is a type of power supply that utilizes modern power electronics technology to control the time ratio of switching on and off, and maintain a stable output voltage. 



Switching power supplies are generally composed of pulse width modulation (PWM) control ICs and MOSFETs. With the development and innovation of power electronics technology, switch mode power supply technology is also constantly innovating. At present, switching power supplies are widely used in almost all electronic devices due to their small size, lightweight, and high efficiency, and are an indispensable power supply method for the rapid development of the electronic information industry today. So what are the PCB design specifications for switching power supplies?

PCB design specifications for switching power supplies:

1. Establish component parameters from schematic diagram to PCB design process ->Input schematic network table ->Design parameter settings ->Manual layout ->Manual wiring ->Verify design ->Review ->CAM output.

2. The spacing between adjacent wires in parameter settings must meet electrical safety requirements, and in order to facilitate operation and production, the spacing should also be as wide as possible. The minimum spacing should be at least suitable for the voltage it can withstand. When the wiring density is low, the spacing between signal lines can be appropriately increased. For signal lines with significant differences in high and low levels, the spacing should be as short and increased as possible. Generally, the routing spacing is set to 8mil.

The distance from the edge of the inner hole of the solder pad to the edge of the printed board should be greater than 1mm, which can avoid solder pad defects during processing. When the wiring connected to the pad is thin, the connection between the pad and the wiring should be designed as a droplet shape. The advantage of this is that the pad is not easily peeled off, and the wiring is not easily disconnected from the pad.

3. The practice of component layout has proven that even if the circuit schematic is designed correctly and the printed circuit board is not designed properly, it can have adverse effects on the reliability of electronic equipment. For example, if two thin parallel lines on a printed circuit board are placed very close, it will cause a delay in the signal waveform, resulting in reflected noise at the end of the transmission line; The interference caused by inadequate consideration of power and ground wires can lead to a decrease in product performance. Therefore, when designing printed circuit boards, attention should be paid to using the correct methods.

When designing the input current source circuit and input filter, designing the output load circuit and output filter according to the functional units of the circuit, the layout of all components of the circuit should comply with the following principles:

(1) First, consider the size of the PCB. When the PCB size is too large, the printed lines are long, the impedance increases, the noise resistance decreases, and the cost also increases; If it is too small, the heat dissipation is not good, and adjacent lines are easily disturbed. The optimal shape of a circuit board is a rectangle with an aspect ratio of 3:2 or 4:3. The components located at the edge of the circuit board are generally not less than 2mm away from the edge of the circuit board.

(2) When placing components, consider future soldering and avoid excessive density.

(3) Layout around the core components of each functional circuit as the center. The components should be arranged evenly, neatly, and compactly on the PCB, minimizing and shortening the leads and connections between each component, and the decoupling capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the VCC of the device.

(4) For circuits operating at high frequencies, the distribution parameters between components should be considered. Generally, circuits should arrange the components in parallel as much as possible. In this way, not only is it aesthetically pleasing, but it is also easy to assemble and weld, making it easy for mass production.

The above PCB design specifications for switching power supplies are shared here, hoping that this article will be helpful to everyone.
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