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Do you know the difference and application between half bridge and full bridge switching power supplies?

Article Source：Kinri Energy | Author：Kinri Energy | Issuing Time：2024.04.01
In modern electronic devices, switch mode power supplies have been widely used as an efficient and stable power supply method. Half bridge and full bridge switching power supplies are two common topology structures of switching power supplies, which have certain differences in working principles, performance characteristics, and application scenarios.



Operational Principle

The half bridge switching power supply only has two switching tubes, which alternately conduct and cut off, and transfer energy through a transformer. The full bridge switching power supply has four switching tubes, forming two bridge arms. The diagonal switching tubes conduct and cut off simultaneously, and energy is also transmitted through a transformer.

Performance characteristics

1. Output power: The full bridge switching power supply can provide higher output power, suitable for high-power load applications.

2. Efficiency: Half bridge switching power supplies have higher efficiency in a higher power range, while full bridge switching power supplies have higher efficiency in high-power applications.

3. Electromagnetic interference: The electromagnetic interference of a half bridge switching power supply is relatively small, while a full bridge switching power supply may generate more electromagnetic interference due to the large number of switching tubes.

4. Cost: The cost of a half bridge switching power supply is relatively low, while the cost of a full bridge switching power supply is higher, mainly due to the need for more switching transistors and driving circuits.

Application scenarios

1. Low power devices: Half bridge switching power supplies are commonly used in low-power and medium power applications, such as computer power supplies, household appliances, etc.

2. High power equipment: Full bridge switching power supplies are suitable for high-power applications, such as industrial equipment, server power supplies, etc.

3. In situations with high efficiency requirements: For applications with high efficiency requirements, such as solar inverters, electric vehicle chargers, etc., full bridge switching power supplies are more suitable.

Summary

Half bridge and full bridge switching power supplies each have their own advantages and usage scenarios. When choosing, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as output power demand, efficiency requirements, cost factors, and electromagnetic interference. No matter which topology structure is chosen, it is necessary to carry out reasonable design and optimization to ensure the stability and reliability of the switching power supply.
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