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What are the innovative characteristics of new energy vehicle power supply technology?

Article Source：Kinri Energy | Author：Kinri Energy | Issuing Time：2024.03.22
In recent years, the global automotive industry has accelerated its electrification transformation, and new energy vehicles have become the future development direction of the automotive industry. The technological innovation and research and development of enterprises in the industry have continuously improved the three electric (power battery, motor, and electronic control) system technology, charging and swapping technology, autonomous driving technology, and intelligence level of new energy vehicles, thereby accelerating the process of replacing traditional fuel vehicles with new energy vehicles.



New energy power sources include new energy vehicle on-board power sources and charging stations, which are key components of the three electric systems of new energy vehicles and core components of charging infrastructure. The new energy power supply relies on technological innovation and research and development, continuously improving the level of electric energy conversion and charging technology inside the vehicle and reducing costs, thereby promoting the technological progress of new energy vehicles. It belongs to the technology innovation driven industry. The innovative characteristics of new energy vehicle power supply technology are as follows:

① Integration improves space utilization. The mainstream development direction is to use power electronics integration technology to integrate vehicle mounted power supplies, motors, and electronic control components, which can reduce the space occupation of vehicle mounted power supplies, reduce circuit board size, and lower assembly and material costs.

② High power conversion. With the development of automotive electronics, the power demand for on-board power sources is constantly increasing, mainly reflected in DC/DC converters and OBCs. For DC/DC converters, in order to ensure that the on-board low-voltage equipment is in its rated working state as much as possible, the equipment is generally divided into four types based on the frequency of electricity consumption: long-term, continuous, short-term intermittent, and additional electricity consumption. The power of different types of equipment is then weighted and calculated to select the appropriate DC/DC converter. The power requirement of the DC/DC converter increases continuously with the power of the automotive electronic system.

For OBC, with the increase of electric vehicle endurance and charging capacity, the power level of OBC has developed from 3.3kW and 6.6kW to high-power levels above 10kW and 20kW; For charging stations, high-power charging stations are one of the main means to solve the charging speed of electric vehicles.

③ The development of fuel cell vehicle technology promotes the innovation and development of fuel cell DC/DC converter technology. Under the "dual carbon" goal, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are facing new opportunities. The working mode of hydrogen fuel cells is to generate electricity through chemical reactions to drive vehicles. Fuel cell electric vehicles have gradually become a research hotspot in the field of new energy electric vehicles due to their high efficiency, cleanliness, and fast refueling speed.

However, the output voltage of fuel cells is limited by the individual cell voltage, and their output characteristics are relatively soft, making them unable to directly power electric vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to connect a DC/DC converter to the output end of the fuel cell to improve its output characteristics and control the output power according to the power supply requirements of the electric vehicle. With the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technology, higher requirements have been put forward for the power, efficiency, volume, and reliability of fuel cell DC/DC converters.

④ The development of unidirectional charging technology towards bidirectional charging technology. There is still room for application of unidirectional low-power vehicle chargers in fields such as PHEVs and miniaturized EVs. By integrating the on-board charger with DC/DC functions, the design can reduce electrical connections, reuse water-cooled substrates, and some control circuits, optimizing and reducing costs while achieving bidirectional charging function. In addition, the development of intelligent driving technology for electric vehicles has further made wireless charging a technological hotspot, and the improvement of battery energy and changes in customer demand will accelerate the development of bidirectional charging technology.

⑤ The market demand for intelligent new energy vehicles is driving the deep digital design of new energy vehicle mounted power supplies and charging stations. The digital design of the vehicle power supply and charging module can improve the integration of the vehicle power supply, greatly reduce the volume of the power module, and release more space for the whole vehicle. Moreover, digital control technology facilitates the maintenance and upgrading of the power module, reduces the maintenance cost of the whole vehicle, and helps the intelligent development of new energy electric vehicles. With the widespread application of digital technologies such as 5G communication, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Vehicles in the field of charging piles, digitalization of charging piles has become a trend.
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