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Common Types of Protection for Switch Mode Power Supplies

Article Source：Kinri Energy | Author：Kinri Energy | Issuing Time：2024.03.26
Switching power supplies, as a type of power conversion device, are widely used in various electronic devices. To ensure the stable operation and extend the service life of switch mode power supplies, various protective measures are usually taken. The following will provide a detailed introduction to common types of protection for switch mode power supplies.


Overcurrent protection

Overcurrent protection is one of the most basic and critical protective measures in switching power supplies. When the current exceeds the set value, overcurrent protection will quickly cut off the power supply to prevent damage to internal components of the power supply caused by excessive current. This protection is usually achieved through current detection circuits and fast responsive switching components.

Overvoltage protection

Overvoltage protection is used to prevent output voltage from being too high, which may cause damage to the load equipment. When the output voltage exceeds the preset safety value, the overvoltage protection circuit will activate, reduce the output voltage or cut off the power supply to protect the load and the power supply itself.

Undervoltage protection

Contrary to overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection is activated when the output voltage is too low. This usually occurs when there is insufficient input voltage or internal component failure in the power supply. Undervoltage protection ensures that the power supply will not continue to operate when the voltage is insufficient, thus avoiding further damage.

Overheat protection

Switching power supplies generate heat during operation. If the heat dissipation is poor or the ambient temperature is too high, it may cause internal components of the power supply to overheat and be damaged. Overheat protection is achieved through a temperature detection circuit. When a high temperature is detected, the power output will be reduced or the power will be completely turned off to prevent damage caused by overheating.

Short circuit protection

Short circuit is one of the common faults in switching power supplies. When a short circuit occurs at the output end of the power supply, the current will increase sharply, which may cause damage to the power supply. Short circuit protection quickly detects short circuit current and immediately cuts off the power supply when a short circuit is detected, thereby avoiding damage caused by a short circuit.

In addition to the common types of protection mentioned above, switch mode power supplies may also have other protective measures, such as overvoltage protection, surge protection, etc. The selection and application of these protective measures depend on the specific application scenario and environment of the switching power supply.

In addition, to achieve these protection functions, switch mode power supplies are usually equipped with corresponding detection and control circuits. The detection circuit is responsible for real-time monitoring of the working status of the power supply, such as current, voltage, temperature, etc., and transmitting this information to the control circuit. The control circuit determines whether protective measures need to be activated based on the information provided by the detection circuit, and controls the corresponding switch components to achieve protection.

In practical applications, protective measures for switch mode power supplies are crucial to ensure the stability and reliability of the power supply. However, there may be mutual influence and limitations between different protection measures. Therefore, when designing and selecting switch mode power supplies, it is necessary to comprehensively consider various factors, such as power supply specifications, application scenarios, costs, etc., in order to choose the most suitable protection scheme.

In summary, switch mode power supplies have multiple protective measures, which together ensure the stable operation of the power supply and extend its service life. In practical applications, it is necessary to choose appropriate protection measures based on specific situations, and configure corresponding detection and control circuits reasonably to ensure that the switching power supply can work reliably in various environments.
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